The Threshold Descartes Couldn’t Anticipate: When Perfect Simulation Breaks Perfect Proof
In 1637, René Descartes demonstrated something extraordinary: a proof of existence that required no external validation, depended on no authority, and could not be undermined by radical doubt. Cogito ergo sum—”I think, therefore I am”—survived the printing press, industrialization, two world wars, the atomic age, the internet revolution, and the rise of social media. For … The Threshold Descartes Couldn’t Anticipate: When Perfect Simulation Breaks Perfect Proof
